Xrdhta, uv visible, ftir and sem interpretation of. As a derivatives of graphene, graphene oxide go, which could be detected to have hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and epoxide functional groups on thesurfaces of each shee 3. The peak at 1,620 cm1 is attributed to the c c skeletal vibration of the graphene sheets. In this work, synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxidepolyanilineau nanoparticles gopaninpau as a hybrid capacitor are presented. In graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide prepared from the graphite the reels indicates 811 and 710 layers. Peak position, peak intensity and peak broadening of the raman spectra. I observe the elemental analysis of graphene oxide go from literature study, and xps shows the characteristic signal of c 1s at 285 ev which corresponds to cc, cc and ch functional groups. The tgams data con rmed the covalent gra ing of sulfophenyl groups on rgo.
Graphene oxide go layers are the individual sheets of conventional graphite oxide cgo synthesized from graphene. Analysis was performed successfully using fourier transform. Fabrication of the electrodes consisted on the hybrid materials being. Competitive adsorption of dopamine and rhodamine 6g on. Preparation and characterization of reduced graphene oxide. In the spectrum of graphene oxide, the absorption peak at 1,726 cm1 is caused by the c o stretching vibration of the cooh group. Complex roles of solution chemistry on graphene oxide. The result from raman spectroscopy implies that the graphene coating may suppress the monoclinic phase in the pristine material and thus. Electron diffraction shows that on average the underlying carbon lattice maintains the order and latticespacings of graphene. The structural and optical properties of the asprepared go nanosheets were characterized by raman, ftir, uvvis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Pdf preparation and characterization of graphene oxide.
Paper open access related content synthesis of reduced. The main difference between graphite oxide and go is, thus, the number of layers. Their unique properties are not only restricted to graphene but also shared with derivative compounds like graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, functionalized graphene, and so forth. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide and. Research article polyurethane nanocomposites containing. Ultravioletvisible spectra were recorded for aqueous solutions of graphite oxide by using uv1800, shimadzu spectrophotometer. The purpose of this work is the structural analysis of graphene oxide go and by means of a new structural model to answer the questions arising from the lerfklinowski and the lee structural models.
Graphene oxide flakes with a low oxidation degree and decorated with iron oxide have been obtained in one. Graphene oxide go reduced graphene oxide rgo a 500 1500 2000 2500 3000 g band d band go rgo 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 raman shi cm 1 b f. In these measurements, infrared light is passed into an atr crystal to reflect against the sample with a short penetration depth to minimise noise in the spectrum as graphene oxide is a 2d material. Research article preparation and characterization of. The ftir spectrum of go in figure 1, shows a broad peak appeared at 3429 cm1 in the high frequency area attributed to the stretching mode of oh bond, reveals the presence of hydroxyl groups in graphene oxide. The obtained samples were studied by ftir, xrd, tga, raman spectroscopy, sem, and tem methods. A simple calculation of the relative intensities of oxide 17,18. The three materials were also characterized by nitrogen gas adsorption, ftir, fourpoint probe measurements as well as. As an example, the ftir spectra of threelayer go at room temperature is shown in fig. A comparative spectroscopic study of graphene coated vs. While no significant peak was found in graphite, the presence of different type of oxygen functionalities in graphene oxide was confirmed at 3400 cm1. Simple synthesis of large graphene oxide sheets via. Preparation of amino graphene oxide sample the graphene oxide go nanosheets were prepared by the modi. Xray diffraction analysis of graphite, graphite oxide, and the reduced graphene oxide was carried out using rigaku ultima iv xray diffractometer with cu ka 1 radiation.
Raman spectroscopy and imaging of graphene and layer thickness determination a quick and precise method for determining the number of layers of graphene sheets is essential for speeding up the research and exploration of graphene. The process started with the chemical oxidation of commercial graphite powder into graphite oxide by modified hummers method, followed by the exfoliation of graphite oxide in distilled water using the ultrasound frequency from a laboratory ultrasonic bath. Combined effects of functional groups, lattice defects. Go was characterized by using a scanning electron microscope sem, fourier. Research article preparation and characterization of graphene oxide jianguosong, 1 xinzhiwang, 1 andchangtangchang 2 college of environment and materials engineering, yantai university, qingquan road, laishan district, yantai, china department of environmental engineering, ilan university, no. Figuredpresentsthesurfaceofrgo,whichis highly expanded, and number of defects is not so abundant. Complex roles of solution chemistry on graphene oxide coagulation onto titanium dioxide. The obtained samples were studied by ftir, uvvis, sem, edx, and tem methods. The resulting graphene oxide was subsequently calcinated at temperature of 200 oc under a flow of laminar n2 gas.
Additionally, they concluded that since the reduced graphene oxide samples showed weaker sers enhancement, that the charge transfer between the oxygen functional groups was the primary enhancement mechanism provided by the graphene oxide 8. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide studied by the. Ftir spectra of graphene oxide, srtio3 particles, and s. Over the span of years, improvements over various synthesis methods of graphene are constantly pursued to provide safer and more effective alternatives. Studies of reduced graphene oxide and graphite oxide in. However, the generation of graphene layers from graphite is quite expensive, but can be achieved at lower cost via controlled oxidation of graphite. Surface functional groups of go layers and the oxidative debris od stacked on them were investigated after od was extracted. The nanocomposites were characterized by ftir, differential scanning calorimetry. Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy ftir ftir measures the absorbance or transmittance of light through a sample as a function of wavelength and provides information regarding the identity of functional groups. Electrochemical reduction of solution cast and selfassembled graphene oxide go films on au surfaces were studied using organic solvents. Amino graphene oxidedopamine modified aramid fibers. During the cyclic voltammetry measurements the structural changes in the films were recorded focusing on in situ infrared and raman techniques.
Though the extraction of graphene through hummers method is one of the oldest techniques yet it is one of the most suitable methods for the formation of bulk graphene. Graphene oxide go has been initially prepared by a modified hummersmethod. Rukman, a atina khoiron nisa, a miftakhul jannatin, a benedictus piere, a abdullah, a mohamad zakki fahmi, a and heri septya kusuma c, graphene oxide go was synthesized from graphite and also produced from waste materials, such as coconut shell, rice husk, and bagasse. Natural flake graphite nfg was procured from loba chemie india having a mean size of 60 mesh and purity of 98%.
Recently, our gographene powder was characterised by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflectance ftiratr. We investigate raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets with epoxy and hydroxyl groups and stone. The lascorbic acid solution was mix together with gos and gows. This synthesis was carried out by mixing aqueous solutions of cecl37h2o and go, which yields the oxidized composite goceo2. Oxidation of graphite and covalent coupling of lof with graphene oxide was analyzed through. In the present study, the conversion of tea waste biomass was carried via. The ftir spectrum of go in figure 1, shows a broad peak appeared at 3429 cm1 in the high frequency area attributed. Recently, graphene and other graphenebased materials have become an essential part of composite science and technology. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers. The synthesis and characterization of graphite oxide go, graphene gs, and the composites. Although atomic force microscopy afm measurement is the most direct way to identify the number of layers of. Xray photoelectron microscopy was carried out using a. It is especially useful in identifying the different oxygen functionalities in go. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide.
Both ftraman and dispersive raman spectroscopy were utilized for the reduction studies. For ftir studies, 1 mg of each of the zno samples was mixed with 99 mg of dry kbr homogeneously to make pellets of 7 mm diameter and 0. Please note that all analysis shown on this page is listed for illustrative purposes only. Ftir analysis suggested that both r6g and da molecules predominantly adsorb on the. Go, reduced graphene oxide rgo and sulfophenylmodi ed rgo srgo by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry tgams analysis. Having unique properties, graphene layers are a quite interesting nanomaterial for industrial applications. In this work, the go nanosheets were prepared by a chemical exfoliation technique. Figure 2 shows the ftir spectra of graphene oxide, srtio3 particles, and srtio3graphene10% composites. Graphene can be obtained in the form of reduced graphite oxide. Noncolvalent functionalization of graphene with end. In a go dispersion, a few layer flakes and monolayer flakes can be found. We report on the structural analysis of graphene oxide go by transmission electron microscopy tem. K2feo4 fevibased compound, obtained from a dry synthesis, has been used as a green oxidant of graphite to produce graphene oxide, avoiding the use of the toxic permanganates. Batch experiments, spectroscopy analysis and theoretical calculation.
Percent transmittance as measured by ftir for nickel foam soaked in graphene oxide a without annealing, and after b 10 apa scans, c 12 apa scans, d 16 apa scans, and e 18 apa scans in nitrogen. Graphene is a 2dimensional honeycomb lattice of sp2bonded carbon atoms and has received enormous interest because of its host of interesting material properties and technological potentials. Overall go sheets obtained after 6 h of oxidation, go 6 h, were found to be the best. The ftir analysis was carried out on our freezedried graphene oxide powder and shows typical bonding of the groups attached to the graphene oxide sheets. Ftir graphs in the wavenumber range of 150018500 cm1 pdf. Ramanenhancementthat graphene canprovidein a substratewith graphene oxide and ag octahedral nanoparticles. I suppose the presence of different type of oxygen functionalities in graphene oxide or graphite was shown at 600 cm1 and 800 cm 1oh, a long peak at 1600 cm1 with another in 1700 co, at. An infrared spectroscopic investigation of thin alumina. Polyaniline was synthesized by chemical polymerization, and au nanoparticles npau were added afterward. Fourier transform infrared ftir analysis showed the presence of abundant oxygencontaining functional groups in go as compared to rgo. In this work, graphene oxide nano sheets was synthesized by modified hummers method.
Photoluminescence and ftir study of zno nanoparticles. These results also reveal that single go sheets are highly electron. Synthesis, characterization and study of graphene oxide. Graphene oxide go was synthesized from graphite and also produced from waste materials, such as coconut shell, rice husk, and bagasse. Graphene oxideiron iiivi oxides nanocomposites have been produced with a fast and onepot synthesis. Polyurethane nanocomposites containing reduced graphene. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide nanosheets. This research studied the synthesis of graphene oxide and graphene via a lowcost manufacturing method. Graphite oxide go was synthesized by a modified hummers method. However, once most of the oxygen groups are removed, the reduced graphene oxide rgo obtained is more difficult to. Graphene oxideiron oxide nanocomposites for water remediation. Ftir spectra were acquired on a perkinelmer spectrum gx ftir spectrometer. Extended graphene oxide models were simulated using an orthorhombic cell with a 7. Ftir analysis was used to identify functional groups present in the nfg, go and figurergo.
Ftir results revealed the successful oxidation of graphitized carbon with the. The go obtained from pure graphite was compared with graphite made from indonesian biomass coconut shell, rice husk, and. Raman spectra of graphite g, graphene oxide go, and reduced graphene oxide rgo. Individually, r6g and da compounds were found to adsorb rapidly on the surface of graphene oxide as they followed the traditional langmuir adsorption behavior. Subsequently reduced graphene oxide rgo having few layer graphene is extracted from go by the thermal reduction of go. Transform infrared spectroscopy ftir, xray diffraction xrd and uvvis. Energy dispersive xray edx analysis and morphological evaluation of the samples were performed with a. The ftir spectra of pristine graphite are shown in figure. Synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide. Characterization of graphene oxide and reduced graphene ftir spectra figure s1 shows ftir spectra of graphite, graphene oxide and reduced graphene. Graphite oxide was infused into nylon6 to produce nylon6go nanocomposites at loadings of 0. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide attract a lot of attention due to. Pdf comparison on graphite, graphene oxide and reduced.
Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized. Preparation and characterization of nitrogen doped reduced. Abstract graphene oxide go has recently attracted great attention due to its unique chemical and physical properties. One of the most structurally important materials, graphene oxide go, is prepared by the.
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